By: Claire Mills, Founder Core LDN
First published: 29th January 2025
What is a TENS machine and how does it work?
TENS stands for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. A TENS machine is a battery operated device delivering small electrical pulses through electrodes attached to adhesive pads on the skin. The aim is to relieve pain by stimulation nerves and blocking pain signals travelling to the brain. It sends a tingling sensation to the area through the adhesive pad, which can override any pain signals reducing discomfort plus it can trigger the body’s natural pain-relieving chemicals, endorphins.
Who can use a TENS machine?
TENS machines can be used for chronic pain conditions such as back pain, arthritis, muscle pain, menstrual cramps and post surgical pain. They can also be used as a non medical option for pain relief in labour. Advice is for the following people not to use a TENS machine without seeking medical advice- anyone with a pacemaker, early stages of pregnancy, anyone with a heart condition, epilepsy, open wounds or infection of the area or if you have an overactive bladder or cognitive impairment.
How do you use a TENS machine?
Always follow the manufacturer’s recommended instructions. With the machine off place the small adhesive pads either side of the painful area at least 2.5cm/ 1 inch apart. Turn the machine on and you’ll feel a tingling sensation pass through the skin. Start on a low setting and gradually increase until it feels strong but comfortable. You can leave it on for as long as you need to generally for 30-60 minutes and increase as needed.
What are the benefits?
The electrical stimulation may block pain signals travelling to the spinal cord and brain thus helping to relieve pain. There’s not enough good quality research and evidence to support that using a TENS machine is a reliable method of pain relief. It very much can depend on the individual and the condition being treated. It’s important to note using a TENS machine without is not a cure for pain it can just relieve pain for short periods of time.
Due to the lack of evidence for its effectiveness and in my clinical experience as a Physiotherapist a TENS machine is not something I prescribe to any of my clients for pain relief, bar recommending as a potential non medical pain reliever in labour in consultation with their midwife. I feel that there are many other options as methods of treatment for pain relief including acupuncture, soft tissue desensitisation through massage and exercise based therapy, particularly a low impact form of exercise such as Pilates, to be much more beneficial in relieving pain.
At Core LDN our Pelvic Health physiotherapists do recommend TENS machines and electrical stimulation for pelvic floor strengthening and bladder conditions to help with urge, stress or mixed incontinence for women following birth or menopause.
It can also be used on men post prostate surgery. There have been proven trials in the NHS that TENS can be effective in these conditions however we would never use a TENS machine in isolation and would always incorporate manual treatment if required alongside exercise therapy such as Pilates and strength training. Again I’d always recommend having an assessment by a Pelvic Health physiotherapist or medical professional before considering using a TENS machine for the pelvic floor/ bladder.
Are there any side-effects?
Some people can have skin irritation or an allergic reaction to the pads. Some people also find discomfort when using the machine on a higher setting.
Can you use a TENS machine with other medication?
I would always recommend consulting a medical or health professional before considering using TENS if you have existing medical conditions.
What should you avoid when using a TENS machine?
Avoid placing the electrodes over sensitive areas such as front of neck, temples, eyes, mouth or directly over the heart. Do not use while driving or in the bath/ shower or if you have broken or infected skin. Do not sleep with the machine on and avoid excessive stimulate as it can cause discomfort or burns.
About Core LDN
Aimed at revolutionising the fitness and rehabilitation landscape, Core LDN firmly believe
that a one size fits all approach simply doesn't apply to wellness. At the heart of Core LDN's philosophy is a team of expert physiotherapists dedicated to treating and rehabilitating all injuries. Through a fusion of exercise rehabilitation in specialised CORE classes, clients can experience the benefits of Physiotherapy-led Pilates. Whether in recovery mode, navigating pre/postnatal stages, or striving towards specific fitness objectives, individuals can harness the power of personalised Pilates sessions.
To find out more about Core LDN, book a physiotherapy initial appointment or Core LDN Pilates intro visit www.coreldn.com
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